Abbreviations
5-ASA 5-aminosalicylic acid
5-FU 5-fluorouracil
5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
6-MP 6-mercaptopurine
A-a alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient
AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm
AAT α1-antitrypsin
ABG arterial blood gas
ABI ankle-brachial index
ABVD doxorubicin (Adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine
ACE inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
ACS acute coronary syndrome; acute chest syndrome
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone
ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
ADPKD autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
AF atrial fibrillation
AFLP acute fatty liver of pregnancy
AFP α-fetoprotein
AGEP acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AIN acute interstitial nephritis
AKI acute kidney injury
ALI acute lung injury
ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALT alanine aminotransferase
AML acute myeloid leukemia
ANA antinuclear antibody
anti-CCP anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide
anti-dsDNA anti–double-stranded DNA
anti-HBc antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen
anti-HBe antibodies to hepatitis B e antigen
anti-HBs antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen
anti-RNP antiribonucleoprotein
anti-Sm anti-Smith
AOSD adult-onset Still disease
aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time
AR aortic regurgitation; absolute risk
ARB angiotensin receptor blocker
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
ARR absolute risk reduction
ART antiretroviral therapy
AS aortic stenosis
ASCA anti–Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies
ASD atrial septal defect
AST aspartate aminotransferase
ATN acute tubular necrosis
ATRA all-trans-retinoic acid
AUDIT Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
AV atrioventricular
AVM arteriovenous malformation
BCG bacille Calmette-Guérin
β-hCG beta-human chorionic gonadotropin
BID twice daily
BMI body mass index
BNP B-type natriuretic peptide
BOOP bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
BUN blood urea nitrogen
CABG coronary artery bypass graft surgery
CAD coronary artery disease
c-ANCA cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
CAP community-acquired pneumonia
CAUTI catheter-associated urinary tract infection
CBC complete blood count
CF cystic fibrosis
CFS chronic fatigue syndrome
CH50 total hemolytic complement
CHD coronary heart disease
CI confidence interval
CK creatine kinase
CKD chronic kidney disease
CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CML chronic myeloid leukemia
CMR cardiac magnetic resonance (imaging)
CMV cytomegalovirus
CNS central nervous system
COP cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP continuous positive airway pressure
CPDD calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease
CPPD calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
CRP C-reactive protein
CSF cerebrospinal fluid
CT computed tomography
CTA computed tomography angiography
CTEPH chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
CUP carcinoma of unknown primary
CVI common variable immunodeficiency
CVP central venous pressure
DBP diastolic blood pressure
DDAVP 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin
DEXA dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
DHEAS dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
DI diabetes insipidus
DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation
DIP distal interphalangeal
DISH diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
DKA diabetic ketoacidosis
DLCO diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide
DMARD disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
DRESS drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
DVT deep venous thrombosis
E. coli O157:H7 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
EA early antigen
EBNA Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen
EBV Epstein-Barr virus
ECG electrocardiogram
EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EEG electroencephalogram
EF ejection fraction
EHEC enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMG electromyography
EN erythema nodosum
ENT ear, nose, and throat
ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ESLD end-stage liver disease
ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate
FAB French-American-British (classification system)
FENA fractional excretion of sodium
FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 second
FFP fresh frozen plasma
FIO2 fraction of inspired oxygen
FMF familial Mediterranean fever
FNAB fine-needle aspiration biopsy
FOBT fecal occult blood testing
FSH follicle-stimulating hormone
FTA-ABS fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption
FVC forced vital capacity
G6PD glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GAHS Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score
GBM glomerular basement membrane
GDM gestational diabetes mellitus
GE gastroesophageal
GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease
GFR glomerular filtration rate
GH growth hormone
GI gastrointestinal
GU genitourinary
GVHD graft-versus-host disease
H2 receptor blocker histamine-2 receptor antagonist
HACE high-altitude cerebral edema
HAE hereditary angioedema
HAP hospital-acquired pneumonia
HAPE high-altitude pulmonary edema
HAV hepatitis A virus
HBeAg hepatitis B e antigen
HBIG hepatitis B immune globulin
HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen
HBV hepatitis B virus
HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HCV hepatitis C virus
HDL high-density lipoprotein
HELLP hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and a low platelet count
HF heart failure
HGA human granulocytic anaplasmosis
HIDA hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid
HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HIT heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
HITT heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
HLA human leukocyte antigens
HME human monocytic ehrlichiosis
HNPCC hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
HPA human platelet antigen
HPV human papillomavirus
HRCT high-resolution CT
HSCT hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
HSV herpes simplex virus
HUS hemolytic uremic syndrome
IBD inflammatory bowel disease
IBS irritable bowel syndrome
ICD implantable cardioverter defibrillator
ICH intracerebral hemorrhage
ICU intensive care unit
IE infective endocarditis
IGF-I insulin-like growth factor 1
IgM anti-HAV IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus
IGRA interferon-γ release assays
IM intramuscular
INR international normalized ratio
IRIS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
ITP immune thrombocytopenic purpura
IV intravenous
IVC inferior vena cava
KOH potassium hydroxide
LAD left anterior descending (coronary artery)
LBBB left bundle-branch block
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LDL low-density lipoprotein
LES lower esophageal sphincter
LH luteinizing hormone
LHRH luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
LKM liver-kidney microsome
LMWH low-molecular-weight heparin
LR likelihood ratio
LTBI latent tuberculosis infection
LV left ventricular
LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction
LVH left ventricular hypertrophy
LVRS lung volume reduction surgery
MALT mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
MAOIs monoamine oxidase inhibitors
MAP mean arterial pressure
MCP metacarpophalangeal
MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
MCTD mixed connective tissue disease
MCV mean corpuscular volume
MDF Maddrey Discriminant Function
MDRD Modification of Diet in Renal Disease
MDS myelodysplastic syndromes
MELD Model for End-Stage Liver Disease
MEN multiple endocrine neoplasia
MET metabolic equivalent
MG myasthenia gravis
MGUS monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
MHA-TP microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum antibodies
MI myocardial infarction
MIBG metaiodobenzylguanidine
MICU medical intensive care unit
MMR measles, mumps, rubella
MPGN membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
MPO myeloperoxidase
MR mitral regurgitation
MRA magnetic resonance angiography
MRCP magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MS mitral stenosis; multiple sclerosis
MSSA methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus
MTP metatarsophalangeal
MVP mitral valve prolapse
NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
NALD nonalcoholic liver disease
NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
NMO neuromyelitis optica
NNH number needed to harm
NNRTIs non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
NNT number needed to treat
NPH intermediate-acting insulin or Lente
NPV negative predictive value
NPPV noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation
NRTIs nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NSCLC non–small cell lung cancer
NSTEMI non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
NYHA New York Heart Association
OA osteoarthritis
OCP oral contraceptive pill
OR odds ratio
OSA obstructive sleep apnea
PAD peripheral arterial disease
p-ANCA perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
PCI percutaneous coronary intervention
PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PDE-5 phosphodiesterase type 5
PDSA Plan-Do-Study-Act
PE pulmonary embolism
PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure
PEF peak expiratory flow
PEG percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
PET positron emission tomography
PID pelvic inflammatory disease
PIP proximal interphalangeal
PMDD premenstrual dysphoric disorder
PMN polymorphonuclear
PMS premenstrual syndrome
PNH paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
PPD purified protein derivative
PPI proton pump inhibitor
PPV positive predictive value
PSA prostate-specific antigen
PT prothrombin time
PTH parathyroid hormone
PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder
PTT partial thromboplastin time
PUD peptic ulcer disease
PV polycythemia vera
PVC premature ventricular complex
QTc calculated QT
RA rheumatoid arthritis
RADT rapid antigen detection test
RAST radioallergosorbent test
RBBB right bundle-branch block
RCRI Revised Cardiac Risk Index
RDW red cell distribution width
RF rheumatic fever
RLS restless legs syndrome
RMSF Rocky Mountain spotted fever
ROC receiver operating characteristic
RR relative risk
RTA renal tubular acidosis
rtPA recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
RUQ right upper quadrant
RV right ventricular
SAAG serum-ascites albumin gradient
SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage
SBP systolic blood pressure; spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
SC subcutaneous
SCAR severe cutaneous adverse reactions
SCC squamous cell carcinoma
SCLC small cell lung cancer
SIADH syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
SICU surgical intensive care unit
SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
SJS Stevens-Johnson syndrome
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
SRA serotonin release assay
SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
STEMI ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
STI sexually transmitted infection
SVT supraventricular tachycardia
T3 triiodothyronine
T4 free thyroxine
TB tuberculosis
TBW total body water
Tdap diphtheria and reduced tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine
TEE transesophageal echocardiography
TEN toxic epidermal necrolysis
TIA transient ischemic attack
TIBC total iron-binding capacity
TID three times daily
TIMI Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (risk score)
TIPS transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
TLC total lung capacity
TNF tumor necrosis factor
tPA tissue plasminogen activator
TPN total parenteral nutrition
TPPA Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay
TR tricuspid regurgitation
TRALI transfusion-related acute lung injury
TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone
TST tuberculin skin testing
TTE transthoracic echocardiography
TTP thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
TURP transurethral resection of the prostate
UACS upper airway cough syndrome
UAG urinary anion gap
UFH unfractionated heparin
UGI upper gastrointestinal
ULN upper limit of normal
URI upper respiratory tract infection
UTI urinary tract infection
VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia
VCA viral capsid antigen
VDRL Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory
VF ventricular fibrillation
VO2 low peak oxygen uptake
V/Q ventilation/perfusion
vs. versus
VSD ventricular septal defect
VT ventricular tachycardia
VTE venous thromboembolism
vWD von Willebrand disease
vWF von Willebrand factor
WHO World Health Organization
WPW Wolff-Parkinson-White
x-ray radiograph