Inversion of heel at subtalar joint while examiner stabilizes ankle (up to 20°), “Turn foot inwards” Note:ensure motion is foot and not leg
Eversion of heel at subtalar joint while examiner stabilizes ankle (up to 10°), “Turn foot outwards” Note:ensure motion is foot and not leg
Flexion of great toe (normal = 40°), “Bend big toe downwards”
Extension of great toe (normal = 65°), “Pull big toe upwards"
References
Baxter S, ed., McScheffrey G, ed. Toronto Notes: Comprehensive Medical Reference & Review for MCCQE 1 & USMLE 2. 26th ed. Toronto: Toronto Notes for Medical Students Inc; 2010.
Bickley L. Bate’s Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 10th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.
Filate W, Leung R, Ng D, Sinyor M, eds. Essentials of Clinical Examination Handbook. 5th ed. Toronto, ON. University of Toronto, 2005.